Benopolis Solid Waste Management System Plan
- Ben Quattlebaum
- Dec 15, 2018
- 19 min read
Table of Contents
Page
Table of Contents…....…………………………………………………………………………….1
List of Figures…………..………………………………………………………………………….2
1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...3
1.1 Benopolis History………………………………………………………………………..…….3
1.2 Our Goal………………………………………………………………………………..……...3
1.3 Objective…………………………………………………………………………………..…..4
1.4 Public Outreach……………………………………………………………………………......4
2.0 Background…………………………………………………………………………………....5
2.1 Regulations for Solid Waste Management.…………………………………………………...5
2.2 Landfill Capacity….…………………………....……………………………………………....5
2.3 Proposed Location of Solid Waste Management Facilities..………………..………………...8
3.0 Design………………………………………………………………………………………...10
3.1.1 MSW Landfill Process Overview………….………………………………………………..10
3.1.2 Landfill Construction……………………………………………………………………….11
3.1.3 Leachate Collection and Treatment…………………………………………………….....13
3.1.4 Gas Collection and Treatment………………………………………………………..........14
3.1.5 Post Closure Care………………………………………………………………………......15
3.1.6 Composting…………………………………………………………………………..…….15
3.2 Materials Recovery Facility………………………………………………………………......16
3.2.1 Process Overview…………………………………………………………………………..16
3.2.2 Source Separated Facility Process………………………………………………………....17
3.2.3 Citizen Education…..………………………………………………………………………20
4.0 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………..20
4.1 Overview……………………………………………………………………………..............20
4.2 Public Meeting……………………………………………………………………………….20
References……………………………………………………………………………………….21
Images…………………………………………………………………………………………....21
Appendix I (Calculations)..............................................................................................................22
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1: Current and Projected Population of Benopolis……………………………………….. 6
Figure 2: Percentages of MSW Constituents………………………………..…………………….7
Figure 3: Total MSW Created Each Year Versus Being Landfilled…...…………………………....8
Figure 4: Proposed Locations of DWTP, WWTP, Landfill, and MRF….…………………………...9
Figure 5: Layout of Cells in a Phase Within a Landfill………………………………………...….10
Figure 6: Layout of the Landfill Area…..………………………………………………………....12
Figure 7: Liters of Leachate Produced over Lifetime of Landfill………………………………....13
Figure 8: Total landfill gas, methane, carbon dioxide, and NMOC over time………...………....14
Figure 9: Compost piles arranged in windrows.………………………………………………....15
Figure 10: Steps in a Source-Separated MRF…………………...………………………………..17
Figure 11: Hopper Collecting Similar Materials to be Sent Through MRF……..……...………....18
Figure 12: Magnet Used for Steel Separation.…………………………………………………..18
Figure 13: Granulator Used For Plastic Shredding And Separation……………………………...19
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Benopolis History
Benopolis, CA once had a steadily increasing population of over 28,000 people, with its economy fueled by the Exxon Mobile oil refinery within its limits. The city was located along the Carquinez Strait, which flows into the Pacific Ocean after passing San Francisco. It offered public hiking and biking trails and public access to the bay for recreational activities such as sailing and swimming.
The Exxon oil refinery turned out to be the drastic end of Benopolis, however, as heavy flooding during the spring of 2015 caused enough damage to some of Exxon’s oil containers to create a massive spill. Thousands of gallons of crude oil leaked from the containers and mixed with the floodwater, contaminating a majority of the city’s surface water, including a large portion of the bay around it. While Exxon was legally obligated to fund efforts to clean the contaminated land and water, it would be nearly three years until the city was back to the habitable state it once was. Because the drinking water treatment plant was unable to handle the new levels of toxicity in the city’s water supply, and due to other obvious public health concerns, everyone deserted the town. The only visitors to the city besides the Exxon funded clean up crews were occasional vandals and thieves, who over the clean-up process continued to damage public facilities to the point that they needed to be rebuilt from the ground up.
1.2 Our Goal
The Quattlebaum Engineering Company was started in 1997 and places its core values in the ideas of closed-loop systems, resilience, and design for disassembly. These principles of green engineering represent limiting waste while maximizing efficiency in terms of materials, energy, and space overall. The catastrophe that Benopolis has faced gives us an opportunity to start essentially from scratch, and implementing a system that will not only last, but leave little to no footprint behind once the system is no longer needed.
Of our goals, designing closed-loop systems is by far our most ambitious, especially in terms of gaining public support. While this is merely the design plan for the landfill and material recovery facility, the Quattlebaum Engineering Co. has been contracted to design the drinking water treatment plant as well as the wastewater treatment system in Benopolis. That gives us opportunities to responsibly deal with the waste that each of these facilities will produce. For example, we will be cost effectively transporting sludge from our wastewater treatment facility to the landfill, as well as using energy created by the waste-to-energy design that we will be implementing towards operation of all of the public facilities.
Resilience is another important concept that the Quattlebaum Engineering Co. focuses on. It would create an absurd amount of unneeded waste for this plant to be shut down in 25 years or so and replaced with a new, larger one. Therefore, we are planning with space in mind for expansions for each and every step of the drinking water treatment process. The plot of land we have recommended was once several acres of farmland, so it is very level and easily buildable on, making expansion and adapting extremely easy.
Design for disassembly is my favorite aspect of the Quattlebaum Engineering Company’s philosophy. Many materials of our plant are connected via interlocking, temporary connections. For example, our influent screens can be easily slid out of place for cleaning or replacement, and our walkways above the system are connected in a system of “puzzle pieces”, or interlocking steel mesh-like panels. This allows us to disassemble areas of the plant that are no longer in service and also makes maintenance and cleaning much easier, wasting less resources to do the same jobs.
1.3 Objective
This report’s purpose is to explain the reasoning behind every decision the Quattlebaum Engineering Co. made on behalf of Benopolis’ new landfill and material recovery facility. These explanations will be supported by graphs and calculations that were used to estimate quantities such as population, sizes of facilities, methods of disposal, and distances from other industrial facilities in Benopolis.
1.4 Public Outreach
Our number one goal throughout this process is to satisfy the citizens of Benopolis, and in order to ensure that we are sufficiently doing so, we welcome all feedback. On Friday, December 7th at 11:15 a.m. there will be a town hall gathering to give citizens an opportunity to hear about our process as well as voice any opinions they may have regarding said process. We also encourage feedback via our website, https://benquatt.wixsite.com/qbaumengineerco.
2.0 Background
2.1 Regulations for Solid Waste Management
Since the 1970’s, solid waste regulations have become stricter in order to reduce soil and water pollution and wildlife endangerment. Every step in the creation and upkeep of landfills and material recovery facilities are controlled. Regulations for landfills are found in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Title 40, or 40 CFR Part 258.1 This establishes minimum criteria for solid waste handling under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and it establishes the criteria for handling any liquid waste under the Clean Water Act. This relinquishes a lot of the specific decisions to be made at the state level, and the California Code of Regulations Title 27 outlines specific design and permit qualifications for landfills.2
2.2 Landfill Capacity
One of the most important aspects of sustainable infrastructure design is determining the size of a plant in order to fit the MSW management needs of a community. A plant that is too large will require resources in the form of materials and energy that will go underutilized most of the time, but a plant that is too small will be unable to process the required amount of MSW. Therefore, population growth and average waste production quantities must be taken into account.
After the recent oil spill, all of the previous residents of Benopolis have decided to return to their homes. The population is low, but it is growing at a constant growth rate. In 2010, there was a population of 24,000, and with a growth rate of 1.56%, Benopolis now has a population of just over 26,000 and, assuming a steady growth rate, is expected to reach a population of 30,000 in 2039 and 32,000 in 2048 (see Appendix A).
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It has been determined that the average per capita solid waste generation rate in California is 4.9 lbs/person/day.3 This means that on average, Benopolis residents will produce almost 1,800 lbs of waste in a year. Some of this waste will be recycled, and some will be lost in the transport process, so the amount of waste accounted for in the landfill will be much lower than the total municipal solid waste (MSW) generated. According to the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery, approximately 71.7% of all waste generated in California could be either composted or recycled, assuming that all of the paper, glass, metal, and plastics are recoverable at a material recovery facility (MRF), and assuming that all organics are to be composted.4
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Assuming that all of the recyclable and compostable materials go to the right place would be unrealistic, however. We will be assuming that approximately half of each constituent will be diverted to either the MRF or a composting facility. This means that approximately 8.7% of total waste diverted from the landfill will be paper, 1.25% glass, 1.55% metal, 0.45% electronics, 5.2% plastic, and 18.7% food scraps and other organic materials. This makes up a total of 35.85% of waste that can be diverted from the landfill.
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Using these conservative numbers allows us to design for capacity - no more and no less as to avoid overfilling the landfill and wasting resources in terms of land and building materials. Every landfill is built in “phases”, or sections that will be used up one at a time. There will be three phases for the Benopolis landfill, all of which will be trapezoidal with depths of 20 feet and heights of 50 feet, and they will all have a slope of 3:1. These landfill phases will have sizes ranging from 650 feet by 900 feet to 1400 feet by 750 feet, and they will be pushed together in a giant rectangular shape to minimize the amount of land taken up. The entire landfill, composed of all three phases, will be able to hold a maximum volume of 4,442,331 cubic yards of waste, but as of now we will only be constructing the first phase of the landfill, which will have a total volume of 1,277,444 cubic yards and tonnage capacity of 734530.3 tons (based on an estimate of 0.575tonsyd3).5 Using this tonnage capacity, phase I has been estimated to last until 2047, and the entire landfill will be able to last until year 2107, assuming that we begin filling the landfill in 2018.
2.3 Proposed Location of MSW Landfill and Material Recovery Facility
Landfills have extensive restrictions on where they can be located due to the possibility of leaks and wildlife exposure. Things to consider include flood maps and fault lines - all of which can disrupt the settling of waste and cause tears in liners. Fortunately, in the northern region of Benopolis, there are large plots of land that were once used for agriculture. It is an area of 50 acres that has little to no vegetation and is relatively flat, making construction a lot easier, cheaper, and less time-consuming. The habitats around there were destroyed by the oil spill, so there is very little wildlife present that will be disturbed by the construction and upkeep of the landfill. It is also a few miles away from any major bodies of water, so possible water pollution from leachate leaks are extremely unlikely. Because this was once an agricultural area, no large residential neighborhoods are planned for the area, so no homes will be disturbed by smell or noise. It is also within a reasonable distance to the wastewater treatment plant, so transport of sludge cakes will be cost effective.
While phase I will only take up a little over 15 acres of land, we recommend purchasing the entire 75 acre plot of land to allow space for all three phases to be connected, extra buffer area, and room for leachate and rainwater retention ponds. There will also be a composting area nearby.
Our materials recovery facility (MRF) will be where all recyclables are taken. MRFs are most commonly built in warehouses, as some materials will become deteriorated in extreme temperatures and rain. Therefore, we plan on using one of the previously used industrial warehouses that still has remnants standing. The previous industrial sector was found on the east side of Benopolis, and that is where we plan to build our MRF.
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3.0 Design
Benopolis’ solid waste management system will be composed of two separate components: a municipal solid waste landfill and a materials recovery facility. The material recovery facility will take in common recyclables such as cardboard, newspaper, paper, plastics, and some metals, and it will compact common materials and make them usable for other industries. The landfill will take everything else from pure waste such as rubber and textiles to compostable materials such as food scraps and yard trimmings.
3.1 MSW Landfill Design
3.1.1 MSW Landfill Process
Waste must first be collected from residential areas, industrial areas, and commercial areas in order to make it to the landfill. To collect waste, we will be outsourcing transportation business to local companies who can charge their own fees. When their trucks have collected enough trash, they first will come to our landfill and be weighed. They will be weighed after they dump the waste into the landfill, and this gives us an easy, accurate measurement of how much waste was dropped off. After the initial weighing, the truck will move to the current day’s cell being filled. Every phase of a landfill is divided into cells to make the landfill easier to fill, and because trash must be covered daily, the cells are divided into even smaller daily cells. The large cells are separated vertically in order to minimize the amount of rainwater caught, and daily cells are filled out horizontally as to minimize instability or possible collapse of a cell.
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The truck will then dump its contents next to the cell being filled, and a bulldozer will proceed to push the waste into the cell. Then, the bulldozer will drive over all of the contents of the cell in order to maximize the density of contents of the cell. This reduces the overall volume of the cell and minimizes the amount of rainwater that can penetrate it. At the end of every day, we will be opting on covering all of the day’s trash with packed soil. This is a requirement to keep scavengers away, and soil is nominal because it is readily available and effective.
Once an entire cell becomes full, a permanent layer of clay, geomembrane, sand or gravel, and topsoil will be placed to cover the top and the landfill will be kept up for the next 30 years to ensure stability and safety.
3.1.2 Landfill Construction
The site we have chosen for construction has enough space for three phases, which will total about 55 acres of total land. We will only start building phase I in 2018, however, to save money and avoid overbuilding in the event of future emergencies. Population growth as of now only calls for one phase, and in approximately 29 years, we will run out of space in phase I and require a new phase to be built. The dimensions of phase I will be 750 ft by 900 ft with a depth of 20 ft, a height of 50 ft, and sides with a slope of 3:1. The dimensions of phase 2 will be 650 ft by 900 ft with a depth of 20 ft, a height of 50 ft, and sides with a slope of 3:1. The dimensions of phase 3 will be 1400 ft by 750 ft with a depth of 20 ft, a height of 50 ft, and sides with a slope of 3:1. Phase I will have a capacity of about 29 years, phase 2 will have a capacity of about 22 years, and phase 3 will have a capacity of about 38 years.
One of the most important components used to prevent pollution is a leachate liner, which prevents leachate (contaminated water and trash mixture) from polluting soil and groundwater below the landfill. The Benopolis landfill will be using a single liner method to reduce total costs. There will be a slightly higher risk of leakage than when using a double liner method, but with proper training and upkeep the risks will be minimized. A single liner will consist first of packed clay at the bottom, which is impermeable and will be the final line of defense against leakage into soil below. The next layer will be a geomembrane, which will be made of high density polyethylene (HDPE), which is the same type of thick plastic used in milk jugs. This will be the most effective layer at preventing leaks, so long as it is not torn. Above the geomembrane, there will be a 2 feet layer of sand, which will prevent water from flowing unevenly and causing damage to the geomembrane in specific areas. It was calculated that for phase I, the bottom surface area will be 585,000 ft2, and using 8 ft by 100 ft rolls of HDPE, we have calculated that we will need 732 rolls of geomembrane.
Around phase I, there will be a 100 ft buffer radius to minimize the landfill’s exposure to surrounding areas. There will also be a leachate collection pond and rainwater catch pond to avoid runoff and water pollution to other areas, as well as to prevent the contamination of ground and surface water nearby. There will be a composting area with windrows nearby, and a scale house for incoming and outgoing trucks to be measured.
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3.1.3 Leachate Collection and Treatment
Leachate is water that has passed through a landfill and picked up bacteria and other unwanted compounds that could lead to pollution if exposed to soil or groundwater. It also commonly aids in unwanted bacterial reproduction. It can be classified as harmless to extremely hazardous, but for our sake we will be classifying all leachate as hazardous to ensure the safety of nearby wildlife, soil and groundwater, despite the fact that we are merely using municipal solid waste rather than hazardous waste in our landfill. Leachate commonly contains nitrogen, iron, organic carbon, manganese, chloride, and phenols, which are pretty much the same as wastewater, which we have experience in treating successfully. The leachate must be collected and handled properly before it is able to be released back into the environment.
It has been estimated that there will be approximately 25L of leachate produced for every ton of solid waste, so using our population and the waste generation rates, it has been estimated that the amount of leachate in phase I will stabilize after it closes, which will be in 2047. Phase I will produce about 20,000,000 L of leachate before stabilizing. Throughout all three phases, it is estimated that the landfill will produce about 61,000,000 L of leachate before stabilizing.
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To collect the leachate, a series of pipes will be constructed between the geomembrane and the drainage material, and the landfill will be built on a slope to allow the natural drip of the leachate towards a central pipe. Once in the central pipe, the leachate will be pumped out of the landfill and into a collection pool. Here, it will sit for a predetermined period of time while the concentration of its pollutants decrease. After a certain amount of time, the contaminated water will be transported to the Benopolis wastewater treatment plant, where it will treated normally as wastewater.
3.1.4 Gas Collection and Treatment
Landfills break down anaerobically because they have been compacted so much. This means that carbon dioxide and non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) will be created. Without ventilation at the very least, this gas would accumulate within the landfill and cause a potentially explosive hazard. Since we do not fit under the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), we are not required to actively extract the gas. We will have relatively low methane production levels which wouldn’t produce much electricity, so we can employ a passive venting system to minimize costs of the landfill. If it becomes more efficient or more methane is produced in the future, we will leave it open to being implemented at a later time.
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Our passive system will involve several wells throughout our landfill that allow the gas to ventilate through the surface. These wells will be perforated as to not slip, and they will be surrounded by clay and gravel to avoid gas leaks and trash clogs respectively.
3.1.5 Post Closure Care
40 CFR states that once a landfill reaches its capacity, it must be permanently capped. Our goal is to make the landfill as seemless as possible when it finally reaches capacity, and to possibly use the land as a park or sporting field, so we will be covering our landfill with geomembrane, a layer of geonet, cover soil, and finally vegetation. This landfill is far enough to residential areas to not be a nuisance, but still close enough to make it potentially usable land in the future for outdoor activities, which we hope to preserve and benefit from.
The landfill will continue to produce leachate and gas for up to 30 years post-closure, so it will continue to be monitored for that long, and we will be employing the same treatment steps as pre-closure during this time.
3.1.6 Composting
Because Benopolis’ citizens and industries have a large output percentage of organic waste in the form of food scraps and yard trimmings, we have decided to offer a composting area in the vicinity of the landfill. Because it is not mandatory in Benopolis, we will open up our compost piles to private services who can transport residential compost materials for their own set prices. This process will be similar to the solid waste collection used for the landfill, in that the trucks must pass over the scale before and after dropping off the compost materials.
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Our compost piles need to be lined up in windrows to avoid erosion, and there will be a lot of heat in the center of the windrow. This will allow the bacteria to have enough heat, moisture, and oxygen in order to properly decompose all of the compostable materials. Every two weeks, we will turn every pile of compost in order to promote the most efficiency in composting. Then, we will sell the compost as fertilizer and use that money to promote education on recycling and composting for the city of Benopolis.
3.2 Materials Recovery Facility
Our material recovery facility will designed as a mixed source facility, as we have decided that it is the most economically friendly and will produce the highest quality of recycled material bales. This could result in slightly less participation in the city-wide recycling program, but we plan on using money made from selling the bales on recycling education programs to encourage more participation. We have made a deal with the city government to pick up recycling for free in order to promote recycling, and we think this will also be effective in increasing rates even further.
3.2.1 Process Overview
A source separated MRF is more efficient and requires less steps than a single-source MRF. It will still contain a series of steps between mechanical equipment and human oversight, so several jobs will be created.
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3.2.2 Source-Separated Facility Process
Mixed, Source-Separated Recyclables The main difference between single-source and source-separated recyclables happens outside of the facility. There will be separate recycling bins in accessible locations in neighborhoods and community hubs such as shopping markets and parks. This may make people less likely to recycle than if they had their own personal recycling bins, but it will make our facility run much smoother and more efficiently.
Hopper The hoppers are where trucks will drop off all the separated materials. These will be emptied and processed separately to ensure the minimum amount of contamination within materials.
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Visual Check for Hazards and Impurities This step is the first managed by people, where checkers stand on either side of the conveyor belt and remove potentially damaging or non-recyclable materials that somehow got mixed in to the hopper. This includes trash bags that could get tangled up in the disk screen as well as styrofoam which would just melt in the baler. These materials get pulled and are sent to be disposed and sent to the landfill.📷
Magnetic Separation The first material to be separated from the bunch is steel. Steel is magnetic, while aluminum is not, so using a magnet to pull steel off of the conveyor is safe and effective, while maintaining a high level of quality material with no contamination.📷
Metal Baler In order to properly sell pure materials, it needs to be put into an easily shippable condition. Bales, or densely packed cubes of materials, allow the recycled metals to be easily stacked and sold on trucks. In order to get these materials into bales, they must be passed into a baler, where an extreme amount of pressure crush the materials into cubes.
Screen Once the metals and larger elements such as cardboard, newspaper, and papers are separated out, there will still be some impurities that got mixed in, such as sand and dirt particles. In order to minimize the amount of impurities mixed in, the stream is moved along a screen and shaken in order to sift the smaller particles out.
Manual Picking The materials then head to a long “assembly line” style step, where several human sorters help pick out things that do not belong in the MRF. This is the step that provides the most jobs, and it requires more manual input than single-stream recycling, so it will help provide a larger boost in the local economy.
PET Granulator A series of rotating knives will force incoming polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or type 1 plastics, into stationary knives, which will rip them apart into tiny flakes. They will then fall through 95mm holes until they finally end up being about 12-18mm5.
HDPE Granulator The same as the PET granulator, but the high density polyethylene (HDPE), or type 2 plastic flakes end up being heavier and slightly larger, making them easily sortable in the next step.
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Air Classification System The air classification system is where PET and HDPE are separated. A stream of air picks up the lighter type 1 plastic flakes and not the type 2 plastic flakes, so they separate out and can be packed accordingly.
Baler Aluminum is easily separated by passing over an eddy current, which sends an electromagnetic current that only aluminum reacts to, causing it to jump into a different stream of materials. Once on a separate belt and into a separate holding area, the aluminum is crushed by a baler similar to that used for steel, and it can be sold as pure recycled material to the industrial sect.
Crusher and Screen The last material that is valuable to us will be glass. It will pass through a machine with rotating “teeth”, similar to gears, that will rip the glass apart into small “flakes” like the plastic. Then it will be sifted above a screen like in the earlier step to remove any smaller impurities that may have been trapped in the glass, such as a paper wrapper. Once it is separated from impurities, it can be sold to the industrial sect.
3.2.3 Citizen Education
Because we have made it slightly more difficult for the average citizen to easily recycle, we would like to offer free tours of our facility in order to promote education in terms of what can and can’t be recycled, as well as how our overall process works. We also plan on sending representatives to local schools to promote recycling in younger children.
4.0 Summary
4.1 Overview
This report outlines the plans the Quattlebaum Engineering Company has made for the design of a new solid waste management system in Benopolis, CA. It includes detailed step-by-step summaries and calculations of the construction of a landfill and the process of separating and recycling waste that can be recycled. It also maps out the location of the facility with regard to industry, residential areas, and water source. Laws governing the methods of construction, operation, and post-closure care were taken into account. This report’s goal was to show the citizens and leaders of Benopolis that everything was decided based on logic. Public health and safety, fiscal management, and sustainable design played major roles in designing this solid waste management design.
4.2 Public Meeting
This plan will not reach the level of success that is desired if citizens do not accept it. That is why there will be a public town hall meeting on Friday, December 7th, 2018 at 11:15 a.m. to present the plans as well as answer any questions that have not been answered by the presentation. The citizens of Benopolis are the Quattlebaum Engineering Company’s top priority, and to ensure that all of the needs of the citizens are met, it is important that they know the facts and are on board with everything.
References
1U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. 40 CFR Part 258. 4-9-2004 Edition.
2California Code of Federal Regulations. Environmental Protection - Division 2. Solid Waste. 6-12-2015 Edition.
3CalRecycle. California’s 2016 Per Capita Disposal Rate Estimate. Web. 2018.
4CalRecycle. 2014 Disposal-Facility-Based Characterization of Solid Waste in California. Web. 2018.
5Plastic Recycling Machine. Granulator/Crusher for PET Flakes. Web. 2018.
Images
6CalRecycle. 2014 Disposal-Facility-Based Characterization of Solid Waste in California. Web. 2018.
8Shayne. 2018. Design Project 3 - Urban Solid Waste Management. Print. ENVE 3320, Fall 2018.
10Milhecic, et. Zimmerman. Environmental Engineering: Fundamentals, Sustainability, Design. Second Edition. Print. 2018.
Appendix I (Calculations)
Per capita waste generation rate: 4.9lbsperson-day
Waste generation(2018)=26038 ppl * 4.9lbsperson-day* 365 days * 1 ton2000 lbs= 23284.48tonsyr
Waste generation(2047) = 31991 ppl* 4.9lbsperson-day*365days*1 ton2000 lbs= 28607.95tonsyr
Waste generation (2069) = 37399ppl * 4.9lbsperson-day*365 days*1 ton2000 lbs= 33444.06tonsyr
Phase I:
A= 750 ft, B = 900 ft, slope → 3:1, Dabove = 50 ft, Din = 20 ft
Above ground:
V = ABD - (AY+BX)(Dabove2) + (43)(XY)(Dabove3)
V = (750)(900)(50) - ((750)(3)+(900)(3))(502)) + (43)(3)(3)(503)
V = 22,875,000 ft3 = 847,222 yd3
SA = (A-2DaboveX)(B-2DaboveY)
SA = (750-2(50)(3))(900-2(50)(3))
SA = 270,000 ft2
In-Ground:
V = ABD + (AY+BX)(Din2) + (43)(XY)(Din3)
A = 750 - 2(3)(20) = 630 ft
B = 900 - 2(3)(20) = 780 ft
V = (630)(780)(20) + ((630)(3)+(780)(3))(202)+ (43)(3)(3)(203)
V = 11,616,000 ft3 = 430,222 yd3
SA = AB +2AYDin + 2BXDin + 4XYDin2
SA = (630)(780) + 2(630)(3)(20) + 2(780)(3)(20) + 4(3)(3)(202)
SA = 675,000 ft2
Total Volume = 1,277,444 yd3
Landfill waste = 23284.48 tonsyr * 0.6415 = 14936.686tonsyr + 10,000tonsyr = 24936.686tonsyr
Capacity = (1,277,444 yd3)(1150/2000)24936.686 tons= 29.46 yrs (full in 2047)
Max height = 900 ft2 sides * 3= 150 ft
Number of rolls used = 675,000 ft28ft*100ft= 732 rolls of geomembrane
Phase 2:
Above Ground:
A = 650 ft, B = 900 ft, Dabove = 50 ft, Din = 20 ft
V = ABDabove - (AY+BX)(Dabove2) + (43)(XY)(Dabove3)
V = (650)(900)(50) - ((650)(3)+(900)(3))(502) + (43)(3)(3)(503)
V = 19,125,000 ft3 = 708,333 yd3
SA = (A-2DaboveX)(B-2DaboveY)
SA = (650 - 2(50)(3))(900 - 2(50)(3))
SA = 210,000 ft2
In-ground:
A = 650 ft - 2(3)(20) = 530 ft
B = 900 - 2(3)(20) = 780 ft
V = ABDin + (AY+BX)(Din2) + (43)(XY)(Din3)
V = (530)(780)(20) + ((530)(3)+(780)(3))(202) + (43)(3)(3)(203)
V = 9,936,000 ft3 = 368,000 yd3
SA = AB + 2AYDin + 2BXDin + 4XYDin2
SA = (530)(780) + 2(530)(3)(20) + 2(780)(3)(20) + 4(3)(3)(202)
SA = 585,000 ft2
Total Volume = 1,076,333 yd3
Landfill waste = 28607.95tonsyr*0.6415 = 18352tonsyr+10000tonsyr = 28352tonsyr
Capacity = (1076333 yd3)(1150/2000)28352 tons= 21.83 yrs (full in 2069)
Max Height = 900 ft2 sides * 3= 150 ft
Phase 3:
Above ground:
A = 1400 ft, B = 750 ft, Dabove= 50 ft, Din= 20ft
V = ABDabove - (AY+BX)(Dabove2) + (43)(XY)(Dabove3)
V = (1400)(750)(50) - ((1400)(3)+(750)(3))(502)+(43)(3)(3)(503)
V = 37,875,000 ft3 = 1,402,777 yd3
SA = (A-2DaboveX)(B-2DaboveY)
SA = (1400-2(50)(3))(750-2(50)(3))
SA = 495,000 ft2
In-ground:
A = 1400 - 2(3)(20) = 1280 ft
B = 750 - 2(3)(20) = 630 ft
V = (ABDin) + (AY + BX)(Din2) + (43)(XY)(Din3)
V = (1280)(630)(20)+((1280)(3)+(630)(3))(202) + (43)(3)(3)(203)
V = 18,576,000 ft3 = 685,777 yd3
SA = AB + 2AYDin+2BXDin + 4XYDin2
SA = (1280)(630)+(2)(1280)(3)(20) + (2)(630)(3)(20) + 4(3)(3)(202)
SA = 1,050,000 ft2
Total Volume = 2,088,554 yd3
Landfill waste = 33444.06tonsyr*0.6415 = 21454.36tonsyr+ 10,000tonsyr=31454.36tonsyr
Capacity = (2088554 yd3)(1150/2000)31454.36 tons= 38.18 yrs (full in 2107.47)
Max Height = 900 ft2 sides * 3= 150 ft
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